{"id":12104,"date":"2016-03-13T11:34:04","date_gmt":"2016-03-13T15:34:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.lecarrefourdesopinions.ca\/?p=12104"},"modified":"2016-03-13T11:34:04","modified_gmt":"2016-03-13T15:34:04","slug":"perspective-genetique-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.lecarrefourdesopinions.ca\/?p=12104","title":{"rendered":"PERSPECTIVE G\u00c9N\u00c9TIQUE 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

PERSPECTIVE G\u00c9N\u00c9TIQUE 3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u00a0par Michel Frankland<\/p>\n

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Des \u00e9tudes d\u2019envergure ont \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9es sur le QI des divers pays. L\u2019hypoth\u00e8se de d\u00e9part consistait dans une corr\u00e9lation significative entre le QI d\u2019un pays et son degr\u00e9 de richesses. Je me r\u00e9f\u00e8re ici aux travaux de Lynn et Vanhanen.<\/a>1<\/sup>.Voici leurs premiers r\u00e9sultats. Je les place \u00e0 la page suivante afin que l\u2019on puisse consid\u00e9rer l\u2019ensemble de ces donn\u00e9es. Notons que leur \u00e9talon de comparaison consiste dans le QI moyen de l\u2019Angleterre, r\u00e9tabli \u00e0 QI=100. Ils ont, par cons\u00e9quent, appliqu\u00e9 le m\u00eame test aux autres pays.<\/p>\n

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Le tableau de la page ci-contre constituait un premier volet de leur recherche. Le deuxi\u00e8me volet consistait \u00e0 comparer ce QI moyen d\u2019un pays avec son taux de succ\u00e8s \u00e9conomique. Leur r\u00e9sultat conclut \u00e0 une forte corr\u00e9lation entre QI et prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

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Mais les travaux de ces deux chercheurs subissent la r\u00e9probation de plusieurs. On leur reproche de nombreuses lacunes. \u00c0 la fois parce que, bien que le QI de 81 pays ait \u00e9t\u00e9 suffisamment \u00e9valu\u00e9, il est d\u00e9ficient pour les 104 autres pays. Et aussi par le fait d\u2019avoir consid\u00e9r\u00e9 les QI de pays environnants pour \u00e9tablir les donn\u00e9es sur le pays concern\u00e9. Enfin, on signale que des \u00e9tudes sur quelques pays s\u2019appuient sur un \u00e9chantillonnage trop faible. Par exemple, un test sur seulement 108 jeunes de 9 \u00e0 15 ans \u00e0 la Barbade, 50 jeunes de 9 \u00e0 13 ans en Colombie, et des approches de m\u00eame acabit pour l\u2019\u00c9gypte, l\u2019\u00c9quateur et la Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale. Bref, des donn\u00e9es insuffisantes.<\/a>2<\/sup><\/p>\n

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Par contre, ils re\u00e7oivent aussi des critiques positives<\/a>3<\/sup>. De toute fa\u00e7on, les deux chercheurs r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 leurs d\u00e9tracteurs dans un second livre, IQ and Global inequality<\/em> <\/a>4<\/sup>, ils r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 leurs critiques. D\u2019une part, ils n\u2019avaient \u00e9tudi\u00e9 dans un premier temps que 88 pays. Puis, tel que rapport\u00e9 dans ce deuxi\u00e8me ouvrage, leur recherche s\u2019est \u00e9tendue \u00e0 113 pays. Les corr\u00e9lations entre QI et succ\u00e8s \u00e9conomiques montrent des corr\u00e9lations presque identiques. Dans la premi\u00e8re recherche, elle \u00e9tait de .7 \u00e0 .71 alors que dans le reste des 113 pays, elle s\u2019\u00e9tablit \u00e0 .68. Donc, une forte corr\u00e9lation dans les deux cas.<\/p>\n

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Ils remarquent \u00e9galement que leurs \u00e9tudes sont essentiellement ethniques. C\u2019est pourquoi ils avaient consid\u00e9r\u00e9 le QI d\u2019un pays voisin par celui du pays dont c\u2019\u00e9tait la m\u00eame souche ethnique. Ainsi, de m\u00eame qu\u2019on constate qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de nos pays occidentaux une corr\u00e9lation significative entre QI et richesse entre individus, il devrait en \u00eatre ainsi pour chaque personne morale qu\u2019est une ethnie. Ils rappellent \u00e9galement l\u2019\u00e9vidence. Des pays comme le Qatar, \u00e0 cause de son p\u00e9trole, d\u00e9gage un salaire par habitant sans proportion avec le QI moyen de 78.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Enfin, un dernier argument de leur part m\u2019apparait fort int\u00e9ressant. Lorsque des critiques leur r\u00e9pondent que les pays riches ont eu la chance de structures scolaires et gouvernementales propres \u00e0 accroitre leur bien-\u00eatre et leur richesse, c\u2019est justement parce que ces peuples, jouissant d\u2019une meilleure capacit\u00e9 d\u2019abstraction, ont cons\u00e9quemment cr\u00e9\u00e9 les dites structures. En somme, les instruments dont se dote un pays ne sont pas l\u2019effet du hasard. Ils d\u00e9coulent de la capacit\u00e9 \u00abQI\u00bb de ses habitants.<\/p>\n

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Nous verrons dans PERSPECTIVE G\u00c9N\u00c9NIQUE 4 Les valeurs humaines qui transcendent ces consid\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n

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National Intelligence Estimate<\/strong><\/em><\/span>[<\/strong><\/span>modifier<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a> | <\/strong><\/span><\/span>modifier le code<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a>]<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\n

Class\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pays<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

IQ estimation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Class\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pays<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

IQ estimation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Class\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Pays<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

IQ estimation<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Hong Kong<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

107<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Russie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Fidji<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Cor\u00e9e du Sud<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

106<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Slovaquie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Iran<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Japon<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

105<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Uruguay<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00celes Marshall<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Ta\u00efwan<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

104<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Portugal<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

54<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Porto Rico<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

84<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Singapour<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

103<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

30<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Slov\u00e9nie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

95<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

58<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00c9gypte<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

83<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Autriche<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Isra\u00ebl<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Inde<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

81<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Allemagne<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

32<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Roumanie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

94<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

60<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00c9quateur<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Italie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Indon\u00e9sie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

93<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

61<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Guatemala<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Pays-Bas<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

102<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

34<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Irlande<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

93<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Barbade<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Su\u00e8de<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

101<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Gr\u00e8ce<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0N\u00e9pal<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

9<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Suisse<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

101<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

36<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Malaisie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

92<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

62<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Qatar<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Belgique<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

38<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Suriname<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

91<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Zambie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0People’s Republic of China<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Bulgarie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Republic of the Congo<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Libye<\/span><\/span><\/a>[citation n\u00e9cessaire]<\/span><\/sup><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Ouganda<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

11<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Royaume-Uni<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

100<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

39<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Turquie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

90<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Jama\u00efque<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Hongrie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Colombie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Kenya<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Pologne<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0P\u00e9rou<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Afrique du Sud<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

15<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Espagne<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

99<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

42<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Tha\u00eflande<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

89<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Soudan<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Australie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Br\u00e9sil<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

68<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Tanzanie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

72<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Danemark<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Iraq<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

73<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Ghana<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

71<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0France<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Mexique<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

74<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Nigeria<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

67<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Mongolie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Samoa<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Guin\u00e9e<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

17<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00c9tats-Unis<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

98<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

45<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Tonga<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

75<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Zimbabwe<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

66<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Canada<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Liban<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

77<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0R\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique du Congo<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

65<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0R\u00e9publique tch\u00e8que<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

97<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

50<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Philippines<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

86<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

78<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Sierra Leone<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

64<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

22<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Finlande<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

97<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Cuba<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

85<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

79<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0\u00c9thiopie<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

63<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

26<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Argentine<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

96<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

52<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Maroc<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

87<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

80<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

\u00a0Guin\u00e9e \u00e9quatoriale<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

59<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

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<\/a>1\u0002<\/sup> Richard Lynn, professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite en psychologie \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 d\u2019Ulster (Irlande du Nord) et Tatu Vanhanen, professeur \u00e9m\u00e9rite de science politique \u00e0 l\u2019Universit\u00e9 de Tempere (Finlande).<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/a>2\u0002<\/sup> Voir https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IQ_and_the_Wealth_of_Nations<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/a>3\u0002<\/sup> Edward M. Miller, The Occidental Quarterly. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/IQ_and_the_Wealth_of_Nations<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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<\/a>4\u0002<\/sup> http:\/\/www.rlynn.co.uk\/index.php?page=richard-lynn-and-tatu-vanhanen-iq-and-global-inequality-2006<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n